Important Acts for Americans with Disabilities and Immigration Reform - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 778 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Immigration Reform Essay Did you like this example? American with disabilities struggled to fit into society before the 1990s. Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act. Of 1973, banned any discrimination toward any person because of race, ethnicity, and/or sexual based, but it didnt specifically speak for Americans with disabilities in particular (Mayerson, 1992). It wasnt until almost 17 years later that the American Disabilities Act (or ADA) became a law in 1990 (Thompson, 2015). This Act marked one of the first civil rights laws that addressed the needs of people in American with disabilities. According to Thompson, author for the JAMA Network, more that 50 million Americans with disabilities in American that are protected under this law (Thompson, 2015). The ADA prohibits discrimination in all areas of like that pertain to public such as employment, education, transportation needs and any area that is open to the general public. The ADA recognizes a disability defined as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits 1 or more major life activities, such as walking, talking, and caring for oneself independently. This law was put into place to protect people with any of these types of impairments and give them resources for quality of life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Important Acts for Americans with Disabilities and Immigration Reform" essay for you Create order Before the ADA became a law, people that had disabilities throughout American were being excluded and segregated from their communities. Unfortunately, the mentality for people with disabilities was that they should be institutionalized or taken out of general public. It took several people throughout time to achieve this law to protect the disabled in America. With this law, Americans with disabilities were given resources such as handy-cap parking close to public buildings and other accessibility standards, equal medical care, community service aids and employment. The ADA enables people with disabilities to live their lives with pursuit of happiness and activity without the barriers of being shunned by their communities and government. Immigration Reform Control Act (or IRCA) of 1986 became a law in order to reduce financial burden of providing public assistance, including health care, and educational services to non-citizens in the United States. This act was also referred to as the 1986 Amnesty Act. This act made it illegal for employers to hire any person that was determined as an illegal or unauthorized immigrant. Before this law was initiated, several unauthorized immigrants were able to apply and accept legal status in the United States. Anyone that had done this before 1986 was granted amnesty, hence the name, and were allowed to stay if they had obtained documentation prior to the 1986 IRCA. Under IRCA, eligible legalized aliens may apply for permanent residency within a 1-year period after they are first eligible (Kusserow, 1990, p. 1). This act promotes assistance for people under this act be assisted with State public assistance just like any other person, with the understanding that no new programs be initiated specifically for this minority. The State may create or initiate any program to promote educational needs for eligible legalized people. Practices much like this were seen as good practice. The government conceded in organizing four categories of good practice to augment implementation of these programs and procedures under the IRCA. These four categories include guidelines for administration, systems to identify eligible legalized aliens, controls for distribution of funds, and innovated approaches to education (Kusserow, 1990). Identifying eligible legalized aliens consists of a working group for resolving issues, making sure that general services are available, and keeping accurate reporting systems while keeping a contact point that is of neutral party (Kusserow, 1990). Systems to identify eligible legalized aliens defines the use of identification numbers given to verify eligibility. Recording keeping data of ensure that people under this act have communication resources when needed. Keeping controls of distribution of funds enforces a financial threshold for eligible legalized aliens during a certain period of time, while having an automated system of disbursement of funds to each eligible person, and keeping effective communication between State agencies and operating agencies (Kusserow, 1990). Lastly, education is seen as an opportunity for these minority people to become educated, lawful permanent citizens (Kusserow, 1990). Programs designed to continue education and to provide opportunities for these individuals were put in place in attempt to help facilitate employment chances and educational chances. People rally for minorities such as Americans with disabilities and immigration reform to help achieve a better life for everyone. The importance of the laws may not seem to affect us all but they do. The United States is often referred to as the land of the free. It is this way because of people that are passion about causes such as these and are willing to fight for them to be seen under the governments eye. Because of these people that refused to be silenced, protective laws have been put in place for both.

The, Hunting For Some Drosophila Melanogaster - 5018 Words

â€Å"Fly-ing Around with Gregor Mendel† (Thomas) â€Å"Hunting for some Drosophila Melanogaster† Figure 25. ï ¿ ¼ Introduction: â€Å"All living organism, no matter how primitive or complex, are the result of the workings of genetics. Living organisms are composed of lifeless molecules. These molecules conform to all of the physical and chemical laws that describe inanimate matter† (Knowles). As one of the first organisms used in genetic analysis, Drosophila melanogaster have a wide set of traits that make it advantageous in the aforementioned field. â€Å"Due primarily to the organism’s small size, short life cycle, high reproductive rate, having only four chromosomal pairs, and the ability to be observed under low magnification (Ashburner). All organisms use common genetic systems. Understanding the processes such as transcription and replication in fruit flies helps in understanding these processes in other eukaryotes, including, but not limited to humans (Pierce). Mendel proposed three fundamental laws for the pattern of genetic inheritance through his various experiments with flowering pea plants (Mendel) (see below): Fundamental theory of heredity: Inheritance involves the passing of discrete units of inheritance, or genes, from parents to offspring (Campbell et al. 262-264). Principle of segregation: During reproduction, the inherited factors (now called alleles) that determine traits are separated into reproductive cells by a process called meiosis and randomly reunite during

Research Paper Women’s Rights Free Essays

Alexandra Moore English 11 Mrs. Carwile November 14, 2012 Research Paper Final Draft May 21, 1969 was the day that an African American woman, Shirley Chisholm changed the lives of women in the United States. Why have women been given unequal opportunities? Why are they seen as different mentally? Chisholm addresses many questions like these in her speech to speak out for the women, to question the authorities which they have been afraid to stand up against. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper Women’s Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now One event can lead to many outbreaks in society that lead to a good or an unlucky future. For women, the time had come to create a high-quality future for themselves and the generations to come. Until the late 1960’s women struggled with discrimination and prejudice with political, civil, and economic rights and Shirley Chisholm took the act to stand up for the unspoken women with her â€Å"Equal Rights for Women† speech in the House of Representatives. Shirley Chisholm was a trademark in the late 1960’s and is still known to this day for her bravery and compassion towards gaining rights for women. In the United States Congress, Chisholm was the first black woman elected. The text states, â€Å"As much a feminist as an advocate of civil rights, Chisholm claims that being a woman was more of a disadvantage in her political career than being black† (Martin and Sullivan 1). She was a very successful woman involved in many political groups including the Seventeenth Assembly District Democratic Club, New York State Assembly, Congressional Committee, and also ran for the democratic nomination for presidency. One can see this when stated, â€Å"Chisholm served fourteen years in the U. S. House of Representatives and was one of the most well-known women in America in her time† (Gifts of Speech 1). Although she was productive in the assembly, she became known to be politically rebellious and fearless by which she was outspoken with her own views and beliefs. This is seen in the text as, â€Å"Shirley Chisholm challenged that the conscience of the whole nation needed to be aroused to oppose racism against blacks and sexism against women† (â€Å"Chisholm Becomes First† 3). She was an activist etermined to support women with their unlived rights by gaining political power. Political rights were one of the largest discriminates against women. Shirley Chisholm states in her speech, â€Å"†¦The truth is that in the political world I have been far oftener discriminated against because I am a woman than because I am black† (Chisholm 1). This is surprising knowing th at this time period was heavily influenced by discrimination towards African Americans. Whether it is voting or representation in congress, women had fewer opportunities to have influence in politics. It could be either the voting systems such as proportional representation and majoritarian systems or the elimination of quotas. As shown in the text, â€Å"Although women formally have equal political rights in most countries, their representation in parliaments and governments is far below their proportion in the population† (Prugl 2). In the total seats in parliaments, women hold less than twenty percent. Taking into account that in the United States population there are 3. 5 million more women, this situation is shameful. Also one can find in her speech, â€Å"‘Women are already protected under the law and do not need legislation†¦If women are already equal, why is it such an event whenever one happens to be elected to Congress? † (Chisholm 2). Parliament saw the opportunity to say that women and men are equal but have no information to back this up. They say women and men are equal but make a big deal if one becomes elected into congress. Chisholm defends the need for political rights for women and how there should be no higher principles with men. Women also struggled with economic rights and the most popular dealt with jobs and pay versus men. The topic that prejudice has become acceptable is present throughout Shirley Chisholm’s beliefs on economic rights. She is respectful yet aggressive while addressing the following: â€Å"‘There is very little understanding yet of the immorality involved in double pay scales and the classification of most of the better jobs as ‘for men only. ‘ More than half of the population of the United States is female. But women occupy only two percent of the managerial positions† (Chisholm 1). It has become obvious the women were not given the same amount of pay and less job opportunities, specifically higher positions. It ties back to the political rights and how it is acceptable for women to be teachers and secretaries, but not managers, lawyers, or members of congress. These rights pertain to the labor market and although women have always worked in poor rural areas, the idea that women are limited to the positions leads to restrictions of their right to work. The rights affected women highly economically with no quality or high paying jobs. The final rights women struggled with were civil rights which dealt with citizenship, personal, and social standards. Chisholm included in her speech, â€Å"‘Women need no protection that men do not need. What we need are laws to protect working people, to guarantee them fair pay, safe working conditions, protection against sickness and layoffs, and provision for dignified, comfortable retirement† (Chisholm 1). There should not be as much protection for women and specifically, there should not be more than men. There needs to be a larger focus on protecting the workers who need to be provided with more comfort in what they do. Women’s civil rights including marriage and family law, are more contested than that of their political rights. More textual information shows, â€Å"Civil rights include the rights to hold property, to be treated equally in the courts, and to freely choose a residence or domicile. They also include equal rights to enter marriage and freely choose a spouse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Prugl 2). All of these rights are necessary and should be given without question. There is no reason for men to have these responsibilities and not women. With these women can take more control of their own life which many did not have leading up to the 1960’s. The nineteenth century was a time of change and introduced improvements for women in the women’s rights movement with the demand for the same legal rights as men. By the late 1960’s most equality between men and women was gained. One can see in the text, â€Å"The Equal Rights Amendment was the central goal of the women’s rights movement in the 1970’s† (Phelps and Lehman 4). A suggestion that has been in front of congress since the early 1900’s was the equal rights amendment which became part of the basic laws in the rights movement. Shirley Chisholm was made an impact in history with her desire to create a better life for women just like herself. It was a time period for change and for women to be able to speak up for themselves. Chisholm’s â€Å"Equal Rights for Women† speech was historical and changed the lives for women in the United States, allowing them to gain political, economic, and civil rights. 1,208 words How to cite Research Paper Women’s Rights, Essays